Which of the following was a motivation behind the adoption of the Monroe Doctrine?

The motivation behind the adoption of the Monroe Doctrine primarily stemmed from concerns about the influence of European monarchies, particularly in the context of the political landscape of the early 19th century. President James Monroe articulated this doctrine in 1823, asserting that the Western Hemisphere was no longer open to European colonization and that any efforts by European powers to interfere with states in the Americas would be viewed as acts of aggression against the United States.

At that time, there was a fear that various European nations, particularly those with monarchical governments, might attempt to reestablish colonial regimes in parts of Latin America that had recently gained independence. The Monroe Doctrine was thus a response to the geopolitical climate, asserting U.S. opposition to European intervention in the affairs of the Americas, aiming to secure the sovereignty of newly independent nations and limit foreign influence in the region.

Other options, while they may touch upon themes relevant to U.S. history, do not reflect the specific context of the Monroe Doctrine. The expansion of U.S. territories was a goal of U.S. policy, but it was not the driving factor behind the doctrine itself. The spread of communism in the Americas arose much later, primarily during the 20th century, and therefore