What was the primary focus of labor unions that formed in the late 1800s?

The primary focus of labor unions that formed in the late 1800s was the improvement of working conditions. During this period, many workers faced long hours, low wages, and unsafe working environments. Labor unions emerged as a response to these challenges, aiming to organize workers to collectively negotiate better terms with employers. These organizations championed various labor rights, including shorter workdays, better pay, and the establishment of safe working conditions.

While the elimination of monopolies was an important concern during this time, particularly with the rise of industrial giants, it was not the central focus of labor unions. Additionally, the promotion of immigration and advocacy for women's suffrage were significant social issues, but they were not the primary objectives of labor unions in the late 19th century. Unions were primarily concerned with the rights and welfare of their members in the workplace. Thus, their main goal was to secure tangible improvements in the daily lives of workers through collective bargaining and activism.