What treaty ended World War I and imposed penalties on Germany?

The Treaty of Versailles is recognized as the treaty that officially ended World War I and imposed significant penalties on Germany. Signed on June 28, 1919, the treaty was a result of the negotiations held at the Paris Peace Conference and laid out the terms for the post-war order. It placed heavy reparations on Germany, reduced its military capabilities, and resulted in territorial losses, all of which aimed to hold Germany accountable for its role in the conflict.

Key aspects of the treaty included the establishment of new nations from territories that had been part of the Central Powers, notably those that were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, as well as the mandate system that governed former colonies and territories taken from Germany. The penalties imposed by the Treaty of Versailles fueled resentment and economic hardship in Germany, which would contribute to the rise of tensions leading to World War II.

The other treaties listed, such as the Treaty of Paris, primarily pertain to conflicts other than World War I, like the American Revolutionary War. The Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain, while the Treaty of London refers to different agreements, such as one concerning the independence of Belgium. Each of these treaties is