What act prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages?

The 18th Amendment is the correct answer because it established Prohibition in the United States, which made it illegal to manufacture, sell, or transport alcoholic beverages. Ratified in 1919, the amendment was part of a broader social movement advocating for temperance, driven by various groups who believed that alcohol was the root of many societal problems.

While the Volstead Act is closely associated with the 18th Amendment, as it provided the means for enforcing Prohibition by defining intoxicating liquors and outlining penalties for violations, the amendment itself is what formally enacted the prohibition of alcohol. The other options relate to different historical contexts: the 19th Amendment deals with women's suffrage, while the Temperance Act is not a specific piece of legislation but rather a general term referring to laws promoting temperance.