The 14th Amendment defined:

The 14th Amendment, ratified in 1868, is a pivotal part of the Reconstruction Amendments and primarily focuses on defining citizenship and protecting individuals' rights. It granted birthright citizenship, meaning that anyone born in the United States is automatically a citizen, regardless of their parents' status. This amendment was particularly significant after the Civil War as it aimed to ensure that formerly enslaved persons were recognized as citizens with equal protection under the law.

Additionally, the 14th Amendment includes the Due Process Clause, which prohibits state and local governments from depriving individuals of life, liberty, or property without legislative authorization. This provision has been foundational in extending many protections guaranteed in the Bill of Rights to individuals at the state level.

The other options, while relevant to American history, do not encapsulate the key components defined by the 14th Amendment. For instance, voting rights for all genders falls under the broader civil rights movement and specifically relates more to the 19th Amendment, which granted women the right to vote. Labor rights and the prohibition of slavery are topics addressed by different amendments; labor rights are more associated with the early 20th century labor movements and subsequent legislation, and the prohibition of slavery is defined explicitly in the 13th